Albury Dentist: Dental Veneers - Good For Kids?

Albury Dentist: Dental Veneers - Good For Kids?

Children often get mixed messages when they see their favorite child star with a perfect set of teeth. Few people are born with a flawless smile and child stars are no exception. Even though their parents may be more open to the idea of outfitting their son or daughter's teeth with veneers, you shouldn't be as willing.

Most would agree that such children are subject to special circumstances, holding a career that requires them to constantly be in the public spotlight. Your child, on the other hand, doesn't possess any valid reasons to take the most drastic route to a perfect smile.

Dental Veneers require extensive removal of existing tooth structure, sometimes as much as 2mm. This allows the veneers to take on a natural appearance and also gives them a coarse surface to bond to. The hidden problem is that this structure can never be replaced. The child will have to wear veneers or some other restoration for the rest of their lives. If their initial or subsequent set of veneers is somehow installed incorrectly, and decay is allowed to develop their teeth may be rendered irreparable.

This is not as uncommon as people make it out to be. What will often happen is a cosmetic dentist will leave a gap between the gum line and veneers, giving bacteria a small area to wreak havoc on. This can cause gum disease if gone undetected, permanently jeopardizing the structural integrity of the teeth. If you want to protect your child against such severe dental problems in the future, explore other options such as braces.

For more information about dental veneers, orthodontics and braces, visit Start Orthodontics.

Launceston Dentist: The Cost of Braces

Finding the best Dentist in Launceston and understanding the Treatment Procedures and the Cost of Braces.

If you need braces to straighten your teeth or perhaps for your child, you are probably wondering: how much braces cost? This question is potentially the most popular question asked, but also the most difficult to answer. It is important to know that factors that will influence the cost of braces are case difficulty, length of treatment, and possible insurance coverage.

It is impossible to give an exact cost for treatment until a preliminary consultation has taken place and an orthodontic treatment plan has been created. Orthodontic costs are affordable and vary depending on the complexity of the problem, especially if extractions or surgery is necessary.

Patients with severe problems usually require additional treatment time (and additional fees) than a less complicated scenario. Because every person is different, each case is evaluated independently.

During a consultation - we estimate fees and explain what is included and try to ensure that affordability is at the forefront.

For more information about Orthodontics, Braces and Treatment Cost, visit: Start Orthodontics.

Balwyn Dentist: Clear Braces - Teeth Alignment Is No Longer Just For Teenagers

Balwyn Dentist: Clear Braces - Teeth Alignment Is No Longer Just For Teenagers

For teeth alignment the best time of all to undergo treatment is during your teenage years. At least, this always used to be the case. Today however that's assumption is changing with the introduction of clear braces.

In case you haven't come across these before clear braces are used in modern teeth alignment treatments, and achieve the same result as traditional metal or wire races, but being clear they're virtually invisible.

The idea of invisible braces is not only very appealing to almost everyone who is considering teeth alignment, but it is also the reason why the assumption that braces are only for teenagers is being brought into question.

To know more about Clear Braces, Invisible Braces and the Other Types of Braces, visit: Start Orthodontics.

Norwood Dentist: A Look At The Factors That Affect The Price Of Dental Braces

Norwood Dentist: A Look At The Factors That Affect The Price Of Dental Braces

It is hard to talk of a universal, or near universal price for dental braces. Their pricing seems to vary so greatly that any talk of such universal, or near universal pricing for them would probably be misguided.

In the same dental supplies shop, it is usually possible to find some dental brace varieties that cost as much as ten times what other braces in the same store are going for.

The difference in dental brace pricing is of material concern to potential users of the braces for a number of factors. The most important of those is the fact that many of those potential users want to know whether the pricing of the braces has implications on the quality of the respective braces. If that turned out to be the case, they would be willing to spend more on the higher priced braces.

Albury Dentist: Treatment With iBraces

Albury Dentist: Treatment With iBraces

iBraces can help you achieve a great smile. iBraces are available at orthodontics offices.

iBraces are lingual braces- those affixed to the back of the teeth instead of on the visible surfaces- that are custom-made to meet the needs of individual patients. The braces feature a sleek, individualized design that promotes comfort, performance and fit.

iBraces also can shave months off of a patient's treatment time. How? It's all in the robotics. To understand that part, it's important to look at the entire process. Getting iBraces starts with a consultation to determine if the patient is a good candidate for this treatment method.

The good news is that iBraces are ideal for just about anyone. They can be used on adults and children alike. As a rule of thumb, patients who are good candidates for traditional braces tend to be good candidates for iBraces, too.

Launceston Dentist: Dental Braces for Children: Do's and Dont's

Launceston Dentist: Dental Braces for Children

As children we balked at the idea of having to endure the horrors of braces. After all, they're bulky, painful and just not pleasant. Especially considering the fact that we're stuck with them for an average of one and a half years, which feels like an eternity when you're 12 years old, the thought of them may make some of us cringe.

Here are some do's and don'ts and other tips to consider to make the experience of having dental braces a bit more palatable and less painful for children.
 
Is this particular food OK to eat with braces?

Very sticky or chewy foods such as gum, popcorn kernels, caramels and taffy should be avoided. Some of our favorites, like fruit roll ups, starbursts and skittles should also be eliminated. These types of foods can get stuck in the braces and make it difficult to clean. Also, very sugary sweets too often can cause cavities, especially with braces, and can also cause damage to the braces and elastics themselves.

Try eating softer foods such as jello, applesauce, soup, eggs, rice, oatmeal and yogurt, which will minimize the pain and discomfort, won't cause any damage to your braces and will be easier to eat.

Balwyn Dentist: The Case For And Against Invisible Braces

Balwyn Dentist: The Case For And Against Invisible Braces

If you have any interest in teeth alignment, either for yourself, one of your children or you know someone else who's considering it, then you may have heard of invisible braces. But what are they, and how do they differ from ordinary, normal braces?

Are they any better, more effective, more comfortable and how is it possible to make braces which are invisible? In this article we'll look at the basics of what invisible braces are all about, including the reasons why you might choose to wear them, and some reasons why you might not.

One of the biggest problems as far as braces are concerned is the fact that they are extremely visible and very obvious. Given the fact that the overwhelming majority of those who undergo some form of teeth alignment using braces are either in their teens or early twenties, it couldn't very well be at a worse time as far as visual appearances are concerned.

Visit Start Orthodontics for more information.

Norwood Dentist: Invisalign Invisible Braces - Your Perfect Solution For Uneven Teeth!

 Norwood Dentist: Invisalign Invisible Braces - Your Perfect Solution For Uneven Teeth!

 

Invisalign Invisible Braces are the newest kind of teeth alignment braces that are part of contemporary orthodontic treatment.

The process of invisible braces works gradually to straighten up the uneven teeth with the help of invisible plastic molds. These molds are also known as aligners. The invisible Invisalign braces are the perfect solution for those individuals who want to re-position their crooked teeth but at the same time don't want to wear the conventional metallic braces.

Working of Invisalign

An expert orthodontist must be consulted for availing this treatment lest the precise results may not come. The orthodontist will prepare a computerized imaging of the teeth of the patient in order to craft the customized Invisalign Invisible Braces. The three-dimensional imaging of the teeth and jaw-shape of the patient help in deciding the suitable size and shape of the invisible aligners. {article source: to read the full content of this article, click here}

Meet the doctor: Dr. Grant Duncan, Duncan Orthodontics

Albury Dentist: Smile Confidently by the Right Dental Treatment

Albury Dentist: Smile Confidently by the Right Dental Treatment

Gaps between teeth! Well, it is certainly not a good thing. To be very honest, it ruins your smile and then your overall personality. But thanks to the advancement in the dental science, one has now plenty of options to choose from when it comes to fixing the gaps between the teeth. It is now really easy to add that beautiful smile on your face.

Options available:

Braces: Yes, you heard it right! Braces come as one of the best options to fix the gap between the teeth. They are of two types. Visible braces are in the metallic form and remain visible as an attachment to teeth. These bands are changed on regular intervals till the gap is closed. On the other hand, invisible braces in Delhi are costlier when compared to the normal braces and here the surgeons use plastic aligners. These braces are usually replaced every fortnight. There are lingual braces as well, which are placed behind the teeth.

Bonding: Bonding is also a great way to fix the gap; however permanent bonding solutions are really expensive and thus, are not everybody's cup of tea. However, if expenses do not bother you, go for permanent bonding. Temporary bonding is not of much use. (article source: to read the full content of this article, click here)

Meet the doctor: Dr. John Brabant, Evolve Orthodontics

Launceston Dentist: Four Common Questions People Ask About Invisalign Invisible Braces

Launceston Dentist: Four Common Questions People Ask About Invisalign Invisible Braces

In this article we're going to look at some of the most common questions and queries people have about Invisalign invisible braces.

They have become a much talked about alternative to traditional metal wire braces, and the idea of being able to achieve teeth alignment without having to wear something as obvious as a metal brace is very appealing, But many people worry that the idea of invisible braces is a little too farfetched, and that the reality must in some way fall far short of the promise.

This is a selection of some of the most popular questions asked about Invisalign and their clear braces, offering some advice and recommendations to help anyone considering teeth alignment to make up their mind. {article source: to read the full content of this article, click here}

Meet the doctor: Dr Scott Smith, ScottSmith Orthodontics

Balwyn Dentist: Why People Don't Choose An Invisalign Dentist For Invisible Braces

Balwyn Dentist: Why People Don't Choose An Invisalign Dentist For Invisible Braces

You may have heard the extraordinary claims recently which suggest that if you visit an Invisalign dentist you'll be able to have invisible braces fitted which are not only virtually undetectable, but can achieve the required teeth alignment in a fraction of the time taken by traditional metal wire braces. The claims go on to suggest that clear braces are more comfortable and more hygienic, and on the surface it does seem that there's really no reason why anyone wouldn't want to choose an Invisalign dentist.

But before you rush off with visions of a perfect set of teeth, it's important to make sure that you are aware of the reasons why some people do not opt for Invisalign invisible braces. Yes, certainly they do offer a range of benefits, but as with anything, there is a downside, and being aware of the potential issues and problems is essential if you are to make an informed choice you'll be happy with and which will ultimately work for you in the way you hope. {article source: to read the full content of this article, click here}

Meet the doctor: Dr. Gopal Kataria, Angle House Orthodontics

Norwood Dentist: Alternatives to Metal Braces

Norwood Dentist: Alternatives to Metal Braces

Has your dentist recommended metal braces to correct misaligned teeth? This is definitely a matter of concern because it will affect your appearance adversely.

If you wear metal braces, it is something that everyone will observe. And you'll also have to follow many precautions or risk infecting your teeth. In other words, metal braces suck! Do alternatives exist? Yes they do! Of the best alternatives to metal braces is to use invisible braces or Invisalign. They are a much better when compared to metal braces. And so, you should go and demand your dentist to prescribe them!

Invisalign braces are made from clear transparent plastic. They are not easily visible. When compared to traditional metal braces, they are an excellent alternative. No doubt that 1 million people have already opted for them. Invisalign braces are the product of years of dedicated research. And for this reason, they are very safe and effective. Invisible braces are manufactured by a company called Align Technology Inc., a company that owns 130 patents relating to various dental procedures and products. {article source: to read the full content of this article, click here}

Meet the doctor: Dr. Grant Duncan, Duncan Orthodontics

Albury Dentist: Invisalign - The Advantages and Disadvantages

Albury Dentist: Invisalign - The Advantages and Disadvantages

The aligners are customized to the size of your mouth and teeth to correct crooked teeth, gaps in between teeth, and overbites, without pain or the unattractiveness of metal braces.

There is one other alternative to conventional braces called lingual braces - these are braces that are placed behind the teeth making them almost invisible to others.

Invisalign has many advantages over traditional metal braces- cosmetically they are much more attractive. The aligners are 100 percent transparent and cannot be seen by others unlike the wires and brackets of common braces.

Launceston Dentist: How Invisalign Braces Have Helped Business Professionals

Launceston Dentist: How Invisalign Braces Have Helped Business Professionals

What are Invisalign braces? If you've heard of Invisalign or you've heard of something called 'invisible braces' then you may well be interested, especially if you or someone you know is considering teeth alignment.

Today more of us are visiting dentists for cosmetic treatments than ever before, and whilst teeth alignment is nothing new, the new type of braces from companies such as Invisalign are helping to open up the opportunity of having teeth alignment to many people who would never previously have considered it.

But how do Invisalign braces differ from standard braces, and how exactly do they represent a new opportunity for people?

One of the biggest problems with traditional metal wire sprung braces is that they are visibly very obvious. There's simply no disguising the fact that you are wearing braces, and the braces themselves can often become one of the most dominant features of your face. The fact that these braces have to be worn for several years can often mean that a whole chapter of a person's life, perhaps their school years or college years, are dominated by the image of their braces in every picture and video. {article source: to read the full content of this article, click here}

Meet the doctor: Dr Scott Smith, ScottSmith Orthodontics

Balwyn Dentist: Getting Braces for Adults

Balwyn Dentist: Getting Braces for Adults

Braces do the job of straightening teeth, regardless of age. Rarely do we see adults wearing braces, but when we do, one question instantly pops into our heads - do braces work for adults? The answer is YES. In fact, adults aged 20 to 40 years represent at least 40 percent of the population of people wearing braces.

The reason why so mean people skipped wearing braces during their youth is that they often feared of being bullied and teased, because back in the 80's and 90's, braces resembled miniature bear traps.
Today, more adults find comfort and reliability wearing braces.

Nowadays, wearing braces has even become more of a fashion statement than a social blunder. Even people with obviously straight teeth want to try out braces just for the fun of it. And, adults can even skip the traditional metal braces and opt for Invisalign braces, which also emulate the pulling power of braces, but are transparent and can be removed with ease, just like retainers. {article source: to read the full content of this article, click here}

Meet the doctor: Dr. Gopal Kataria, Angle House Orthodontics

Norwood Dentist: Ceramic Braces Are Less Visible Dental Braces

Norwood Dentist: Ceramic Braces Are Less Visible Dental Braces

One of the most unique types of dental braces that a person can use for severe types of orthodontic work is that of ceramic braces. These work like any other type of dental braces but will feature brackets and other materials that are not easily visible.

Traditional brackets that are used for dental braces are made with metal. This is a material that can be easily shiny and can give away the idea that someone has braces. This is not the most physically attractive thing for anyone with braces to deal with. Ceramic braces can work to help with correcting this problem.

Ceramic braces are made with the use of composite materials. These composite materials are ceramic based and will be ones that can come in colours that match one's teeth. This is thanks to how the colours of ceramics can be ones that are white or off-white depending on what one's teeth look like. This is used to help with making the braces look more natural. They will not stand out very easily. {article source: to read the full content of this article, click here}

Meet the doctor: Dr. Grant Duncan, Duncan Orthodontics

Woollahra Dentist: Cosmetic Dentistry Options For Fixing Teeth Gaps

Woollahra Dentist: Cosmetic Dentistry Options For Fixing Teeth Gaps 

If you have a gap in your teeth, you need not worry. These can be fixed by means of cosmetic dentistry. At this day and age, one cannot help but be amazed at what dentists can do. Armed with the right tools, these professionals can replace damaged tooth, whiten stained teeth, and eliminate nasty teeth gaps to name a few. One can only imagine the overall magic they can do with a person's smile. But for this article, we will focus on the options on how to correct those unsightly spaces in between one's teeth.

Porcelain Veneers
Veneers are customized porcelain facings that are glued over the front of one's teeth. These are usually used to address dental issues regarding discolored and misshapen teeth as well as correction of uneven spaces. And unlike crowns, veneers generally do not require removal or extraction of the tooth itself.

For this particular cosmetic dentistry procedure, both the costs and materials vary. Typically, fees for porcelain veneers start at $900 and can reach up to $2000 for each tooth. But if your budget is restricted, you may opt for plastic or composite veneers. The plastic kind may not be as durable as porcelain but it sure is not going to burn a hole in your pocket---range is approximately $150 per tooth. For a plastic veneer that can last from 5 to 7 seven years, $150 a tooth is not that bad a deal. [article source: click here to read the full content of this article]

Meet the doctor: Dr Saad Al-Mozany, Lifestyle Orthodontics

Albury Dentist: The Latest Information About Orthodontic Treatment

Albury Dentist: The Latest Information About Orthodontic Treatment

A great smile can be the most attractive component of a person's face. When you peek in the mirror, are you happy with what you see? Most people want to treat our crooked teeth, but really don't desire to have a mouth full of standard brackets. It can be hard to believe when you're going through treatment, but the treatment will boost your smile and enhance your self-confidence. As a result of the latest dental technology, it is now feasible to fix your teeth in a hard to see fashion so that people will notice your smile, not your orthodontic braces.

Why should I get braces?
Braces are a normal and practically expected part of puberty. As soon as all of your permanent teeth grow in, or maybe before each of them come in, you might find you are afflicted by crooked, crowded or spaced out teeth. You are not alone - many young adults get braces. In addition to delivering an awesome smile, there is certainly a bunch of additional reasons for talking to your current orthodontist about orthodontic braces:
Aligned teeth and a corrected bite allow you to better chew your food as well as assist digestion. Aligned teeth are much easier to keep clean, which could allow you to stay clear of oral issues later on. When teeth are crowded, brushing and flossing may be more difficult. (article source: to read the full content of this article, click here)

Meet the doctor: Dr. John Brabant, Evolve Orthodontics

Launceston Dentist: Tips for Taking Care of Your Braces

Launceston Dentist: Tips for Taking Care of Your Braces

Millions of people at any given time are wearing braces on their teeth. They are an effective treatment used by people of all ages. While braces are on your teeth, you will need to do some things to keep them in tip-top shape and avoid having broken braces. Doing these things may seem like a bit of an inconvenience, but in reality, they may save you a lot of time, headache, discomfort, and even money in the end!

Kind Counts
The type of braces you have will play a key role in determining what you need to do to take care of them and keep them from getting broken. Invisalign braces, for example, require different care than metal braces. But regardless of what kind of brace you have, there are things you should be doing and keeping in mind in order to take care of them properly. (to read the full content of this article, click here)

Meet the doctor: Dr Scott Smith, ScottSmith Orthodontics

Balwyn Dentist: Advantages of Removable Braces

Balwyn Dentist: Advantages of Removable Braces

When we talk about braces we often think about metal braces with its metal and rubber wires, this is because metal braces are very common and very noticeable. It is very easy to spot a kid with braces even if he does not smile because it causes the mouth to protrude giving it a weird appearance.

Most individuals who are advised to use braces are afraid not because of the pain or the cost but mainly because of how it will affect your look. Often time's people with braces are thought of as geeks so all of us would do anything to avoid getting braces. What we don't know is that there are removable braces that are available, it may not be common but you can ask your dentist or orthodontist about it.

Removable braces also known as invisalign braces is a transparent, plastic plate that is used to correct and realign your teeth the same as with a metal brace. With an invisalign braces you don't have to worry about the stuffed look on your mouth that a metal brace will give you because with a removable brace people will hardly notice you are using one. Aside from the fact that is it transparent, making it hard to spot, it also does not occupy a large space in your mouth thus preventing it to bulge. {article source: to read the full content of this article, click here}

Meet the doctor: Dr. Gopal Kataria, Angle House Orthodontics

Norwood Dentist: Invisible Braces - Smile With an Open Heart

Norwood Dentist: Invisible Braces - Smile With an Open Heart

People suffering from misaligned teeth or broken teeth now can get back their smile, thanks to invisible braces. Conventionally, braces were made of metals which are priced around five thousand dollars. If you want to go in for tooth colored braces which are ceramic, the cost would increase by another five hundred dollars.

As against this, invisible braces are much cheaper. Ideally, this is the best substitute for conventional type of braces. These are imperceptible clear plastic trays which help in achieving similar results. The cost of invisible braces ranges from three thousand five hundred dollars to five thousand dollars.

The treatment depends on the extent of the damage. If you want invisible braces, then you need to pay an extra five hundred dollars. This is when a dental insurance policy comes in handy. Check out the policy and read the terms and conditions mentioned in the policy for a better understanding. If your policy is going to cover the cosmetic treatment cost, then you are very lucky. Normally, there are few insurance companies which cover these expenses. And even if they do so, the premium would be sky high. {article source: to read the full content of this article, click here}

Meet the doctor: Dr. Grant Duncan, Duncan Orthodontics

Golden Grove Orthodontics: Invisible Braces

Invisible Braces Aligns Your Teeth Correctly

There was a time when wearing braces was one thing that most people avoided. Braces are external devices that are used by a dentist to reshape, misaligned and misshaped teeth. Braces were made of wires and metals, and due to this, braces used to look awkward on the wearer. In fact, they look especially bad when a person smiles. Though all of us realize that braces are meant to align misshaped teeth, but this can severely hamper your social and personal life. However with the invention of invisible braces, this problem has been dealt with to a large extent.

Invisible braces has come as a boon to all those who are suffering from the problem of misalign and crooked teeth.

The problem of misaligned, misshaped and crooked teeth is very common. Using braces at a young age is very important if one wants to have the perfect teeth. Not having the perfect teeth can cause huge embarrassment especially when one goes out to social gatherings. In fact, this can sometimes also lead to depression, so treating this condition as early as possible will be of great help.

[Related article on Invisible Braces and Teeth Treatment in Golden Grove]
Invisible braces are not very different from metal braces. It is just that the braces are made of invisible ceramics, so that they are not visible when a person wears them. The brackets of invisible braces are made of invisible plastic or ceramics and are attached to the front portion of the teeth of a patient.

The best aspects of invisible braces are that they are easy to wear and remove. Crooked, misaligned and misshaped teeth are not very difficult condition that it cannot be cured. One just needs to see the dentist and on his advice use invisible braces to correct the condition.{article source: to read the rest of the story, click here}

Golden Grove Orthodontics: Crooked Teeth

Crooked Teeth

People go miles and do great things all in the name of looking good - surgeries, facials etc. Can you imagine having to live with a tight-lipped smile? Oh yeah, so many people today are living with this all because of crooked teeth. It's actually a harsh reality to live with. However, if you're living with this, your solution is an appointment away with a dentist and an orthodontist. Technically, today's technology makes it possible to straighten your teeth at reasonable cost.

To get your smile back, the most obvious and common choice is the use of braces which force the teeth to shift into the right place by putting pressure on them. Braces are made of either ceramics, metal or even plastic. It's however required to get them straightened every month so that they can be effective. If you prefer to have less noticeable braces, ceramic braces would do justice.

[Related article about Fixing crooked teeth, Teeth whiteners, Damon braces and Invisalign in Golden Grove]
Another option is the use of a retainer for a few months after removing the braces. It prevents teeth from shifting back to the former position. If there is no room for the straightened teeth, the orthodontist may see it necessary to extract teeth to create space. However, if you don't prefer braces, you can opt for the removable aligner which squeezes teeth forcing them to get into their correct position. It's quite expensive and suitable for mild cases of crooked teeth. [article source: to read the full content of this article, click here]

Golden Grove Orthodontics: Invisalign Braces

All You Needed to Know About Invisalign Braces For Crooked Teeth But Were Frightened to Ask!

Those individuals considering Invisalign for crooked teeth are on the path of taking a pertinent decision.

The problem of crooked teeth of numerous people worldwide has found its apt solution in Invisalign. These are the transparent aligners that are made up of clear molded plastic.They fit in perfectly around the teeth and work gradually to push them back gently to make them correctly aligned. This innovative corrective orthodontic treatment is making great waves in the dental world making people aware of its numerous benefits.

Those patients who are older in age and suffer from the problem of uneven and misaligned teeth, often feel reluctant to wear conventional metallic braces.

The Invisalign treatment has come to their rescue as a god-sent solution that will take care of their dental agonies. They can wear the clear aligners around the teeth and feel confident as these braces are not going to be visible at all.Patients can also remove their Invisalign braces at the time of eating food or sleeping thus feeling relaxed whenever they want. It is important to mention here that patients must consult their orthodontist before ordering their braces so that they can avail the best possible option for their specific case.

[Related article on Invisalign and Braces on Golden Grove]
Let is understand about the working behind Invisalign for crooked teeth. First of all, the orthodontist will take help of a computer to derive a 3 dimensional map of patient's your teeth. Along this map, a mold of the teeth is also prepared that comes handy while preparing the clear aligners.{article source: to read the full content of this article, click here}

Golden Grove Orthodontics: Teeth Whitening Procedures

Tips About Teeth Whitening Procedures

IF YOU WANT TO DO IT YOURSELF
Then you should browse the Internet or go to the nearest drugstore and ask for the most in-demand over the counter teeth whitening kit they have available. There's certainly nothing wrong if you want to do the teeth whitening treatment all by yourself because it's your teeth anyway and so you have the right to do whatever you want to do.

Opting for a do it yourself teeth whitening treatment is also definitely cheaper than going for a professional teeth whitening treatment so if you're still busy saving for the rainy days to come then yes, the practical choice would be going for an at home teeth whitening kit.

Now, before you purchase any do it yourself teeth whitening kit, make sure that you search and browse for consumer reviews first so you'd have an idea about which teeth whitening product is reportedly the most effective in provides results in the shortest time possible. Secondly, look for an over the counter teeth whitening kit that comes with a thirty day money back guarantee.

[Related site about Teeth Whitening Procedures, Braces, and Invisalign in Golden Grove]

I assure you, there are teeth whitening products that are out in the market and provide users with such assurance so better purchase one with a warranty like that. Thirdly, if the teeth whitening product you're using is a toothpaste, make sure that it has the ADA seal of approval to indicate that it's declared to safe to use for consumers.

Now, there are two types of at-home teeth whitening kits available in the market and they are teeth whitening kits that contain bleaching solutions and teeth whitening kits which contain whitening toothpastes. If your problems are mainly surface stains or you're not that good with measuring solutions and the likes then you should stick with a teeth whitening treatment that only uses whitening toothpaste.

But if your teeth discoloration problems go much deeper and you have no problems with measuring liquids and fitting the mold of your teeth then certainly it's better to use a bleaching solution because it takes a more direct approach to teeth whitening. {article source: to read the full content of this article, click here}

Golden Grove Orthodontics: Teeth Whitening Options

Do You Know The Top Teeth Whitening Options?

Every one wants a whiter brighter smile. Due to age, smoking or caffeine, teeth can end up stained and yellow looking. Putting up with discolored teeth is a thing of the past and so is hiding your smile. With so many different options available, it is possible to find teeth whitening systems to suit anyone and any budget.

Before trying any teeth whitening options, it is advisable to seek the opinion of an oral health care professional who can advise you on which teeth whitening products are the best option for you and your teeth. Below are some of the many options that are available so that you can compare teeth whitening systems.

Laser Bleaching
There are a few popular laser-bleaching methods available. Feed back from other users is quite positive. Laser bleaching is a recommended procedure by oral heath professionals as well as many users.

[Related article about Teeth Whitening Options, Braces, and Invisalign in Golden Grove]

Zoom
Zoom is a laser whitening gel with a special light that penetrates the teeth, breaking up stains and teeth discoloration, treatments take around 1 hour. The results of this treatment are immediate. This type of teeth whitening system is approved by many oral health care professionals and is done under their supervision. Zoom is very safe with very few complications or side effects and relatively painless. Whiteness will vary among different people depending on the structure and condition of teeth before the procedure.

Brite Smile
Brite smile is another laser bleaching system that uses the same type of products as Zoom. A whitening gel is applied to the teeth then a blue laser light is applied under direct supervision of an oral health care professional. This procedure is very safe with very few complications or side effects. Treatment will take about an hour and results can be seen immediately. {article source: to read the rest of the story, click here}

Broadmeadows Orthodontics: Teeth Whitening

Teeth Whitening, the Plain Truth

Virtually everyone wanting to brighten their smile can benefit from teeth whitening. Patients with teeth that are discolored due to age, smoking or other extrinsic staining factors are excellent candidates for teeth whitening. Research indicates that teeth whitening is completely effective in more than 78% of people. As teeth whitening continues to grow in popularity, research continues into all types of whitening systems.

Teeth whitening is not permanent, and works by removing the organic materials in the enamel by dissolving them with a peroxide derivative. Also, teeth whitening is only effective if there is a lot of enamel.

There are two principle forms of teeth whitening: professional whitening and teeth whitening kits.

Professional Teeth Whitening
The most effective and safest method of teeth whitening is the dentist-supervised procedure. First, the dentist will determine whether you are a candidate for teeth whitening and what type of whitening system would provide the best results.

[Related article site about Teeth Whitening, Braces, and Invisalign in Broadmeadows]

The dentist should also go over what you personally can expect for your individual situation. Before the teeth whitening treatment, most dentists clean the teeth, fill any cavities, and make sure the patient's gums are healthy.

Dentists will usually advise trying teeth whitening first, to avoid the need for more complex cosmetic work. Complications that can occur in professional teeth whitening are infrequent and are usually minor in nature. Overall, teeth whitening under professional supervision is an effective method for whitening the teeth. {article source: to read the full content of this article, click here}

Broadmeadows Orthodontics: Porcelain Veneers for Crooked Teeth

Repair Crooked Teeth in Days with Porcelain Veneers

No adults want to wear metal braces for months or even years. Because of this, the popularity of invisible braces has increased significantly in recent years. However, invisible braces still require multiple office visits over an extended period of time. As a result, more and more cosmetic dentistry patients are choosing porcelain veneers.

Porcelain veneers can improve the appearance of crooked or gapped teeth, without the time and hassle of actually straightening the teeth. Veneers are ultra-thin slices of porcelain that are custom-fitted to cover your natural teeth. Time is the greatest benefit in choosing porcelain veneers to improve the appearance of your crooked teeth.

[Related site about Crooked Teeth solutions, Braces, and Invisalign in Broadmeadows]

Porcelain veneers can be permanently applied in just two office visits. During your first visit, you will be fitted for veneers and your teeth will be roughed so that the veneers will bond better. During the second, your veneers can be applied and you will leave the office with a beautiful new smile.

"Most patients don't even realize that porcelain veneers are an option for repairing crooked teeth," comments Boca Raton cosmetic dentist Kenneth Mogell. 

"Patients tend to think that their only choices are to live with crooked teeth, or to deal with braces.

 As a result, most adults choose crooked teeth despite being unhappy and self-conscious about them." {article source: to read the full content of this story, click here}

Broadmeadows Orthodontics: Affordable Solution for Crooked Teeth

An Affordable Solution For People With Crooked Teeth 

Are you embarrassed to smile because you have crooked teeth and are afraid someone will notice them? You know, not everyone has perfect teeth and it's important that you keep on smiling regardless of whether your teeth are crooked or not. Did you know that there are dental specialists that are experts in helping people such as yourself? These dentists are called Orthodontists and they can get you fitted with braces for your teeth that will have them straightened up in no time.

The most common use of braces is the metal type that you see most young people wear. These are not exclusive to young people though, as many adults wear them too. There is a newer type of braces that's known as Invisalign that has become much more popular over the past few years since they were first introduced.

[Related story about Affordable solutions for crooked teeth, Dental Treatments, Braces, and Invisalign in Broadmeadows]

Unlike the traditional metal braces, Invisalign braces can be worn and removed whenever the person desires. For example, you could wear them during the day and remove them at night when you go to bed or vice versa. This is something you'll want to discuss with your Orthodontic dentist.

Having crooked teeth can be both frustrating and embarrassing, but it's definitely not a life threatening situation. It's just something that must be dealt with in order to improve your appearance and self esteem. Unfortunately, braces are not cheap by any means and most dental insurance doesn't cover them.{article source: to read the full content of this article, click here}

Broadmeadows Orthodontics: Beat the High Cost of Having Crooked Teeth

How to Beat the High Cost of Having Crooked Teeth

Having crooked teeth can be frustrating, embarrassing and have a huge impact on a persons self esteem, especially if they're a kid. There's nothing like looking into the mirror and seeing a smile that you're just not happy with. Unfortunately, orthodontic work is expensive and many people simply can't afford it. Also, orthodontic insurance does not provide good coverage either and it won't cover an pre-existing conditions at all, at least not until you've gone through a mandatory one year waiting period.

[Related site about Crooked Teeth, Dental Treatment, and Dental Cosmetics in Broadmeadows]

So what can you do if you have crooked teeth, but can't afford to see an orthodontist or simply don't want to have to wear metal braces because of the way they look? Here are a few options.

If your teeth are not severely crooked, then a clear tooth aligner can be used to squeeze your teeth into the correct position. This technique is often more expensive than braces, but many adults like this treatment because it is clear and unnoticeable.

Your mouth specialists can inform you of other options if you are in a rush to straighten your teeth in a short amount of time. If you choose to go the advanced route, then the pain is much more severe than traditional braces.{article source: to continue reading full content of this article, click here}

Broadmeadows Orthodontics: Baby's Crooked Teeth

Will Crooked Teeth in Your Baby Be a Permanent Problem?

Infants develop baby teeth around the age of five to eight months. Often baby teeth, or "milk teeth," as they are sometimes called, are not straight. These teeth are not permanent. Even so, adequate baby teeth care and maintenance is necessary to pave the way for permanent teeth. Teeth also affect speech, eating habits, and appearance.

[Related site about Crooked Teeth, Teeth Alignment, Braces, and Invisalign in Broadmeadows]

Here are some important facts related to crooked baby teeth that you should keep in mind:

o Crookedness of teeth is natural, but may be aggravated due to prolonged sucking of the thumb, toys, or other household objects.

o Having crooked baby teeth does not necessarily lead to crooked adult teeth.

o Research shows that babies who are bottled fed are more likely to develop crooked teeth compared to breast-fed babies.

o Food tends to accumulate in the gaps between baby teeth and can lead to tooth decay.

Prevention and Treatment

o As far as possible, consider breast-feeding instead of bottle-feeding.

o Parents need to prevent their children from sucking the thumb or any object without harshness or use of force. Remember that most children tend to stop this habit as they grow up.

o If parents find it difficult to stop the child's thumb-sucking habit, they can consider using a pacifier; this will also eventually need to be given up as the child grows up. (source: to read the full content of this article, click here)

Caroline Springs Orthodontics: Teeth Straightening

Teeth Straightening - How to Go About It 

We start with an assumption here: that you have just awoken up to a teeth alignment problem.

May be it is on yourself, like where in an 'aha' moment of self discovery, you come to realize that your teeth are not as perfectly aligned as you would want them. Or, then again, it could be on your child: when you notice that your son's or daughter's teeth are not well aligned, and this could be a problem to them in days to come.

As the guardian, you very well know that your child's future happiness is, at least in part, your responsibility. Then again, it could be just about yourself: where a closer look at the mirror shows that you have a relatively decent teeth alignment, but where you want to bring it to perfection in search of that ever-elusive 'perfect smile.'

[Related site about Teeth Straightening, Braces and Invisalign in Caroline Springs]

And in all these situations, you want to know how you can go about teeth straightening, so as to improve your aesthetic appeal in an increasingly image conscious society.

So how, exactly do you go about teeth straightening and what is your prognosis?

Well, we would be better off starting with the second part of the question, as to what your prognosis (outlook for an outcome) is, in teeth straightening. And as it turns out, your outlook in terms of potential teeth straightening success is largely positive, thanks mainly to advances that have been made in the technologies through which teeth straightening is done.

Indeed, as long as you have the resources to put into it, even the worse form of teeth misalignment (the sort that tends to interfere with not only aesthetic appeal but also with things like speech and chewing) can be quite well resolved.

Where it is reasonably good teeth alignment that you want to bring to perfection, your chances of success are even higher, as the last two decades or so have seen the development of technologies through which you can achieve quite a lot in this regard.{article source: to continue reading the story, click here}

Caroline Springs Orthodontics: What is an Orthodontist

What is Orthodontics and What is an Orthodontist?

Orthodontics is the dental specialty which focuses on the correct alignment of the teeth and jaws. "Ortho" means correct and "dont" means teeth. So orthodontics is the correct alignment of the teeth. The specialty of orthodontics within the dental field has been around for well over a hundred years and was the first recognized specialty within the dental field.

[Related article about Orthodontics, Braces, and Invisalign in Caroline Springs]

Orthodontists are also specialists in dento-facial orthopedics. This means that an orthodontist has expertise not only in aligning the teeth, but also in the correct alignment of the jaws. A person may have what looks like straight teeth, but the jaws don't line up correctly. If the jaws are out of sync with each other, a bite problem can exist that may lead to tooth or gum injury.

Orthodontists are first trained as dentists. After dental school they attend additional full-time training for 2 to 3 years to become a specialist in orthodontics. So all orthodontists are dentists, but not all dentists are orthodontists. Less that 6 percent of dentists are certified orthodontists.

A general dentist can perform orthodontics for people, but cannot state that they are an orthodontist. For a list of qualified certified orthodontists in your area, you can visit the American Association of Orthodontists website at http://www.braces.org. There is a link that will give you the information to find a qualified orthodontist in your area. {article source: to read the full story, click here}

Caroline Springs Orthodontics: How to choose the right orthodontist

Important Tips to Choose a Great Orthodontist

Choosing the right orthodontist for your treatment is vital if you want to experience a satisfying treatment. After all, the orthodontist is in charge of taking care of one of the most visible aspects of your personality - your smile!

Find an orthodontist because an orthodontist is a specialist who has also attended an accredited specialty program beyond the dental school. Besides this, orthodontists also receive a Master's degree also and they will have the degree alongside their name.

The best way to find out if the dentist is a specialist is to ask the doctor. General dentists generally call themselves 'Specialist in Orthodontics'. Specialists also appear in the list of the American Association of Orthodontists. Going through this list is an excellent way of identifying qualified orthodontists.

Another excellent way to identify a good orthodontist is to ask someone who is currently undergoing treatment. This could be a friend, a relative or even a stranger wearing aligners on their teeth. A patient can describe how the doctor is, whether the doctor is punctual and whether the doctor and their staff treat the patients well.

[Related article about Orthodontists, Orthodontics Treatement, Braces, and Invisalign in Caroline Springs]

Ask patients whether they have had any problems with the doctor. When you make enquiries, distinguish between treatment procedures that are generally painful and uncomfortable and those that become uncomfortable because of the rough treatment of doctors. {article source: to read the full content of this article, click here}

Caroline Springs Orthodontics: Teeth-Whitening

Talking to Your Teen About Teeth-Whitening

The problem of teeth whitening for teenagers starts in the home. As a concerned but conscientious parent, you know when your teenager's grooming habits aren't up to snuff, but are afraid that you'll smother or embarrass your teen if you mention that you think their teeth are in bad shape.

Add on to this scenario the fact that teens today are increasingly self-obsessed and low on self-confidence, and you have the makings for a potentially large disagreement over a topic that should really take care of itself. The problem of course, is that teeth-whitening does not take care of itself, and as simple as is it sounds, good dental hygiene is a skill that needs to be learned and performed like any other.

As a good parent you should make it your job to inform your teen about the options available to them to get their teeth back to a cleaner, more becoming shade of white.

[Related article on Teeth whitening, Damon Braces, and Teen  Invisalign in Caroline Springs]

First, it is important to recognize the distinct possibility that your teen will not be receptive to your advice and will find your attention to be unwelcome. As any parent of a teenager knows, this reaction comes with the territory.

Teens are notoriously self-involved, but have not yet developed the social tools necessary to realize when their best interests are being served, and when they need to put what they think are there best interest's aside and just listen to their parents! If you feel like you may fit into that much-maligned category of the 'permissive' parent, do not fret.

While past experiences may give both you and your teen the impression that, in so many ways, they run the household, there are still ample opportunities to assert yourself back into the dental life of your teenager.{article source: to continue reading whole article, click here}

Caroline Springs Orthodontics: Teeth Alignment

What Is Involved When You Visit An Invisalign Dentist For Teeth Alignment?

If you have been thinking about the idea of having invisible braces or clear braces fitted then you may well have already started looking for an Invisalign dentist. London has recently seen a rise in the number of dentists offering teeth alignment treatments which involve Invisalign invisible braces, and certainly it is clear to see just what the appeal is.

In previous articles on the subject of invisible braces I have covered several of the major benefits that clear braces have when compared to traditional metal braces. In this article I'm going to focus more on what actually happens when you visit an Invisalign dentist.

London dentists offering the Invisalign invisible braces alternative to metal or wire braces are able to offer a solution which is distinctly different from any form of brace previously used for teeth alignment.

[Related article about Teeth alignment, Braces, and Invisalign in Caroline Springs]

It is important to be aware that if you are going to choose clear braces that you fully understand the implications of the decision. Certainly there are many, many advantages and reasons why people consistently choose clear or invisible braces over metal braces, but in order to make a well formed judgement as to what is the most appropriate choice for you, it is important to appreciate how clear braces differ right from the very start when you visit your Invisalign dentist.

London dentists offering either form of brace will begin the same way, with a full examination of your teeth, and by taking and accurate moulds of your teeth as they currently are positioned. [article source: to read the full content of this article, click here]

Pakenham Orthodontics Invisible Braces

Considering Teeth Alignment? Invisible Braces Could Be The Answer

Cosmetic dentistry is nothing new, and there have been many treatments available for very long time, including fillings, crowns, replacement teeth and teeth alignment. Even teeth whitening has been around for a very long time, but it is only in the last few decades that real progress has been made, and in the last few years an even wider range of technologically sophisticated orthodontic treatments for a wide range of cosmetic dentistry procedures.

Of all of the procedures possible teeth alignment is the one which has often proved to be most challenging, simply because it involves almost every single tooth in the mouth being taken into consideration, and the process is likely to take many months or even many years.

[Related article about Teeth alignment, Hidden Braces, and Invisalign in Pakenham]

For a very long time the process of teeth alignment has often been a matter of professional guesswork and intuition, adapting braces where necessary in order to align the teeth into the ideal location and orientation.

Certainly braces have been around for decades, but only very recently has there been a revolution in terms of braces, and one name in particular has been discussed very widely. Invisalign braces are different to traditional braces worn for teeth alignment primarily because they are referred to as invisible braces or clear braces. {source: to read the full content of this article, click here }

Pakenham Orthodontics: Common Dental Cosmetic Procedures

The Most Common Dental Cosmetic Procedures

There are different cosmetic dental procedures to correct dental flaws. You can correct an uneven bite and replace dead or decayed teeth by undergoing cosmetic dental procedures. Dental cosmetic procedures involve teeth whitening, dental implants, porcelain veneers, dental bonding, dental bridges, tooth contouring and reshaping, dentures, dental fillings, dental crowns, dental caps, root canals, cosmetic gum surgery, and accelerated orthodontics.

These surgical procedures have a wide range of recovery times and price ranges.Veneers, for example, require very little recovery time and are usually finished in a few days or so, while tooth bonding is a more painful procedure that has a lengthier recovery time. Whether you want to whiten your teeth, hide the presence of chipping, or simply improve your bite by covering up uneven teeth, veneers are usually suggested by the dentists.

This is largely because, in most cases, painkillers or injections aren't needed. This cosmetic dental procedure involves a straight, white set of porcelain or composite veneers being glued over your original teeth, resulting in a permanent, painless new smile. This procedure is normally accomplished in one to two days.

Pakenham Orthodontics: Dental Cosmetics

Dental Cosmetic Treatments 

A beautiful smile adds confidence to your personality and enhances your self-esteem. There are many treatment available which can insure your oral health. Dental cosmetic treatments involve dental procedures with the aim of improving the overall aesthetics of your smile. This is the reason, sometimes it is also called "smile makeover". Let us learn about some of these treatments.

Cosmetic Dentistry Procedures:

Teeth Whitening: Whitening can be performed to reduce discoloration and staining or simply to provide whiter teeth. Zoom whitening, laser whitening are some of the popular methods of treatment of stained teeth.

Porcelain veneers: These are wafer-thin shells of porcelain that are bonded onto the front side of teeth so as to create a cosmetic improvement for a tooth. Porcelain veneers are used by dentists to make cosmetic changes for teeth that are discolored, worn, nonaligned or chipped.

Dental implants: Dental implants are basically artificial tooth implants to compensate tooth loss. It is the best treatment option used for missing teeth.A tooth should be replaced as soon as it is lost to retain oral health. Dental implants prevent bone loss, reduce movement of surrounding teeth and avoid excess decay.

Pakenham Orthodontics: Mouth Reconstruction

Full Mouth Reconstruction 

Full mouth reconstruction means the process of rebuilding or restoring all of the teeth in your mouth. Several specialists can become involved in this procedure including:

• General or Cosmetic Dentists- doing crowns, implants, veneers or bridges
• Orthodontists- moving teeth into the proper position
• Periodontists- treating gum disease

[Related article about Full mouth reconstruction, Dental Implants, Dental Surgery in Pakenham]

The Full Mouth Reconstruction Examination
The first step in this process is to see your dentist and receive a comprehensive oral examination. During the exam, your dentist will closely review the state of your teeth, gums, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and esthetics.

Teeth- Your dentist will examine any veneers, crowns, teeth wear, implants, root canals and assess your teeth strength

Gums- Your dentist will look for deep pockets, insufficient tissue and gum disease. Scaling or other treatments may be necessary if gum disease is present. This is to make sure the newly reconstructed teeth will have a solid foundation.

TMJ- Your dentist will check your bite to make sure it's free of pain and doesn't cause unusual wear on your teeth

Esthetics- Your dentist will note the color, size, proportion and shape of your teeth

X-rays and other records of your mouth and teeth will be gathered. Once all of the information is assembled, a comprehensive plan will be developed for the reconstruction.  {article source: to view the full content of this article, click here}

Pakenham Orthodontics: Reconstructive Dentistry

5 Reasons Why You Should Opt For Reconstructive Dentistry

Many people want to have a million dollar smile, but shy away from reconstructive treatments. Why? In most cases, because they are afraid of the dentist; other people fear the cost, and there are some who fear that they would invite recurring cost that they could ill-afford. However, it is not as bad as you would think it is. Timely reconstructive surgery could actually prevent great inconveniences and expenses in the long run.


Here are a few top reasons why you should opt for reconstructive treatments:

1. Gaps between teeth
This happens when you lose a tooth for any reason. The gap usually is left open. In time, mastication force teeth to move towards the gap causing pain and an unsightly smile. Reconstructive treatment in this case would put a tooth implant in the gap that would eliminate the problem and restore your beautiful smile.

[Related article on Gaps between teeth, braces, and Invisalign in Pakenham]

2. Broken teeth
Teeth break mainly due to accidents and tooth decay. In such cases, small parts of the root remains embedded in the gum, which with time becomes infected and painful. Most people do not bother about it until it starts paining or it becomes sensitive to cold and hot foods. Reconstructive dentistry in such cases removes the broken pieces and inserts bridges to close the gap between teeth.

3. Buck or cooked teeth
Many people feel terrible about their crooked or buckteeth. There are many reasons why teeth can grow in wild directions marring the beauty of your smile; we will not go into that here. The point is that reconstructive dentistry would be able in most cases, to straighten your teeth and give you a perfect smile. No matter how bad the shape of your teeth is, reconstructive dentistry can help you. {article source: to read the complete content of this article, click here}

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/3465139

Dandenong Orthodontics: Teeth Whitening

Top 10 Teeth Whitening Myths

Teeth whitening is a common cosmetic dentistry procedure used to lighten or whiten the shade of the teeth. Every year thousands if not millions of people combine to spend over $10 billion on cosmetic teeth whitening procedures.

If you are thinking of getting your teeth whitened, you should first see your dentist to check your teeth for cavities and gum disease. Your dentist can also clean your teeth to remove any surface stains. Before you whiten your teeth, you should know some basic facts about teeth whitening.

[Related article on Teeth whitening, braces, and Invisalign in Dandenong]

There is much information in ads, magazines and on the Internet about teeth whitening, but it is important to separate fact from fiction so that you can make the best teeth whitening decisions. Below are the Top 10 Myths About Teeth Whitening.

1. All teeth whitening gels are the same-There is a wide range in strength of whitening gels. The strongest whitening gels are used by the dentist for in-office whitening procedures. The next strongest whitening gels are given to you by your dentist to be used at home. The weakest gels are bought over-the-counter.

2. All teeth whiten the same-In fact, all teeth do not whiten the same. Yellow teeth typically whiten better than gray teeth. A person with yellow teeth would typically see more dramatic whitening results compared to a person with gray teeth.

3. I have to get the strongest gel so that my teeth can get whitest-Although the strongest gels used by the dentist in the dental office would whiten your teeth fastest, you may be able to achieve similar whitening results if you just use a medium-strength whitening gel given by your dentist to be used at home for a longer time.[article source: click here to read the full content of this article]

Dandenong Orthodontics: Teeth Whitening

A Few Secrets About Teeth Whitening

Within the last 10 years the field of teeth whitening, both in the dental office and at home, has changed immensely. Essentially, there are two different methods to get whiter teeth: dental (in-office) whitening, and an at home treatment. Discover a few secrets about teeth whitening that your dentist hopes I'll never tell you!

METHOD #1: DENTAL (IN-OFFICE) TEETH WHITENING
I can tell you from first-hand experience, dentists LOVE the patient who wants to have a teeth whitening procedure in the dental office. Back in the early '90's there was only one option available.

[Related article on Teeth Whitening, Braces, and Invisalign in Dandenong]

Your dentist would make molds of your teeth, send them off to a lab, and in 5-10 days receive back your custom fitted teeth whitening mouthpiece. Then you would sit in the dental chair for 1-2 hours, with these plastic teeth whitening molds filled with peroxide (at a very low concentration) pressed against your teeth and gums.

After 3-4 visits, your teeth would be officially declared whiter (and usually they were), and you would be sent home with a nice $500 - $1,000 bill to pay. And with whiter teeth of course. {article source: to read the complete content of this article, click here}